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reversible process and can be done   to apply the research-based        volume XXXIII, number 3.
          in any child above 7 years of age. The   evidence for various management  7.  Christine F. Wildsoet, Audrey Chia,
          reshaping corrects the peripheral    options and enables the            Pauline Cho, Jeremy A. Guggenheim,
          defocus and hence controls myopia.   practitioner to demonstrate        Jan Roelof Polling, Scott Read, et al.
          Orthokeratology is one of most       and discuss ‘risk versus benefit’   IMI – Interventions for Controlling
          popular option nowadays for myopia   for individual cases.  https://    Myopia Onset and Progression
          control and studies have reported its   globalmyopiacentre.org/myopia-  Report. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.
                                  9
          effectiveness from 38%-63% .         resources/myopia-calculator/       2019;60:M106–M131
                                                                               8.  Seang-Mei Saw, Louis Tong,
          II. PHARMACOLOGICAL                 Assess child’s risk of developing   Wei-Han Chua, et al. Incidence
          INTERVENTION                         myopia: https://www.myopiacare.    and Progression of Myopia in
                                               org/                               Singaporean School Children
             Topical atropine 0.01% has been
          dominating clinically for myopia   REFERENCES:                       9.  Rohit Saxena, Praveen Vashist,
          control among pharmacological     1.  Seang-Mei Saw, Joanne Katz,       Radhika Tandon, et al. Incidence
          strategies. It is an irreversible anti-  Oliver D. Schein, Sek-Jin Chew, and   and progression of myopia and
                                                                                  associated factors in urban school
          muscarinic antagonist. The exact     Tat-Keong Chan. Epidemiology of    children in Delhi: The North India
          mechanism for myopia control is      Myopia, Epidemiologic Reviews ·    Myopia Study (NIM Study). PLOS
          not clear but it is thought to have   February 1996                     ONE, Dec 18, 2018
          an effect on the scleral fibroblast.   2.  Morgan IG, Ohno-Matsui K, Saw SM.   10. Edwards MH, Li RW, Lam CS, Lew
          Atropine has been controversial and   Myopia. Lancet. 2012;379: 1739–1748.  JK, Yu BS. The Hong Kong
          possibilities of side effects are still   3.  Brien A Holden,  David A Wilson,   progressive lens myopia control
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          III. ENVIRONMENTAL                   problem with sight-threatening     findings. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.
                                                                                  2002;43:2852– 2858.
          INTERVENTION                         complications. Community Eye
                                               Health. 2015; 28(90): 35        11.  Wagner S, Conrad F, Bakaraju RC,
             Various environmental and visual   4.  GwiazdaJ, Thorn F, Bauer J, Held R.   Fedtke C, Ehrmann K, Holden BA.
          modification are advised for myopia   Myopic children show insufficient   Power profiles of single vision and
          control such as Reducing time spent   accommodative response to         multifocal soft contact lenses. Cont
          on near electronic gadgets, reading   blur. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci   Lens Anterior Eye. 2015;38:2–14.
          and other near work activities,      1993;34:690-4.                  12. David Kading, Amber Mayberry.
                                    15
          Increased working distance for near   5.  Hung LF, Crawford ML, Smith EL 3rd.   Slowing myopia progression in
          work task , Increasing the amount of   Spectacle lenses alter eye growth   children. Review of Optometry, Nov
                  9
          time spent outdoors and in sunlight    and the refractive status of young   19, 2012
                                        13
          and Increase in indoor illumination. 14  monkeys. Nat Med. 1995; 1:761–765.  13.  Queiros A, Amorim-de-Sousa A,
                                            6.  Meenakshi Swaminathan.            Lope-Ferreira D, Villa-Collar C,
          CONCLUSION                           Progressive myopia: an update. Sci   Gutierrez AR, Gonzalez-Meijome JM.
             Progression of myopia can         J Med & Vis Res Foun October 2015,   Relative peripheral refraction across
          lead to high myopia and hence, all                                      4 meridians after orthokeratology
                                                                                  and LASIK surgery. Eye Vis (Lond).
          possibilities of complications. There   ORTHOKERATOLOGY                 2018;5:12.
          are several effective methods and       IS THE TEMPORARY
          each practitioner should proactively   REDUCTION OF MYOPIA           14. Brittany J. Carr and William K.
                                                                                  Stell. The Science Behind Myopia.
          introduce them to all parents and       BY USING SPECIALLY              Nov 7, 2017
          help in slowing its progression.        DESIGNED REVERSE             15. Goss DA. Effect of bifocal lenses
          FREE TOOLS ARE AVAILABLE               GEOMETRY ORTHO-K                 on the rate of childhood myopia
                                                   LENS WHICH ARE
          ONLINE FOR RISK OF MYOPIA               WORN OVERNIGHT.                 progression. Am J Optom Physiol
          PROGRESSION CALCULATION.                                                Opt. 1986;63:135–141.
                                                  IT PRODUCES CLEAR            16. Bennett ES, Henry VA. Clinical
            Myopia calculator is a tool that   VISION WITHOUT THE AID            Manual of Contact Lenses.3rd
             helps eye care practitioners,      OF GLASSES IN DAYTIME             ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/
             individuals, patients, and parents                                   Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

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